What are the four abilities needed to assess if civilians are secure and safe?

The identified answer emphasizes four critical abilities that civilians can utilize during an active shooter situation. Escape, Avoid, Deny, and Defend represent practical responses to enhance personal safety and the safety of others.

• Escape entails finding an exit or safe route to leave the area, minimizing exposure to danger.

• Avoid involves staying away from the shooter or the path of potential harm, which is essential for reducing the likelihood of encountering danger.

• Deny refers to taking measures to barricade oneself or others from the shooter, creating a physical barrier that complicates the attacker's access.

• Defend encompasses the idea of being prepared to take action if confronted directly—this could range from distracting the attacker to physically defending oneself or others if there are no other options.

These abilities reflect a proactive approach to personal safety during a highly chaotic and potentially lethal situation, empowering civilians to make critical decisions to protect themselves and others.

The other options, while they convey important actions in varying contexts, do not capture the essence of immediate responses needed during an active shooter scenario as effectively as the chosen answer. For instance, "Observe, Analyze, Communicate, Act" involves steps that may be relevant in broader emergency management but lack the immedi